What is meant by a program's "theory of action"?

A program's "theory of action" refers to the logical connection between resources, activities, and outcomes. This concept illustrates how a program is expected to function, detailing the relationship between what is invested (resources), what is done (activities), and the results that are anticipated (outcomes). It serves as a critical framework for understanding how a program operates and facilitates the evaluation of its effectiveness.

By outlining the assumptions and rationales behind a program's design, the theory of action informs stakeholders about the pathway through which the program aims to achieve its goals. This connection is vital in program evaluation, as it helps evaluators assess whether the program is being implemented as intended and whether it is likely to produce the desired outcomes.

In contrast, other options like the method of funding, the number of stakeholders, or the duration of the program do not capture the fundamental logic of how program activities lead to specific outcomes. These aspects may influence a program but are not central to understanding its operational logic or effectiveness.