What is a “theory-based evaluation”?

A theory-based evaluation is an approach that assesses a program by examining the underlying theories or models that explain how the program is intended to operate and achieve its outcomes. This type of evaluation is crucial because it seeks to understand the logic behind a program's design—how the activities link to outcomes based on specific assumptions and theoretical frameworks.

By employing this approach, evaluators can identify whether the theoretical assumptions hold true in practice and whether the program functions as planned. This enhances the evaluation's depth as it does not merely measure outcomes or outputs but also analyzes whether the program's mechanisms for change are effective. Understanding the efficacy of these theoretical components allows for more informed adjustments and improvements to the program.

The other options represent evaluation perspectives that do not align with this approach. For instance, focusing solely on financial performance examines only the monetary aspects without considering the program's theoretical effectiveness. Evaluating solely based on participant feedback neglects the systematic understanding of how a program is supposed to work according to its theoretical foundations. Finally, a technique that does not require any theoretical framework ignores the significance of theoretical basis in guiding evaluations and interpreting results in context. Thus, the essence of theory-based evaluation lies in linking program design with its expected outcomes based on established theories.